This year, Frida would have been 99 years old and though she struggled not only with her health but to be respected as an artist in her own right, she is now as popular as ever. In honor of her upcoming birthday in July, I will rerun my article from last year. I do hope you enjoy it and become motivated to learn more about this melancholic figure who possibly did more to increase the popularity of Mexican art than any other single individual.
Most of us only know the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo from her provocative images and self portraits with their trademark “unibrow”. But behind the paintings, which have become her most visible legacy, there is a grand story of tragedy and determination, love and loss, passion and romance which has sadly been obscured in the many decades since her passing.
Let’s take a trip back to the time of the Mexican Revolution, to discover how the calamity that almost ended Frida’s life, ultimately came to define it.
Frida Kahlo was born Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderón on July 6, 1907 in a small town near Mexico City. Though she would travel to the United States on several occasions, her permanent residence was La Casa Azul (The Blue House), where she was born and would spend the majority of her life until her death in 1954.
Kahlo's father, Guillermo Kahlo, (1871–1941), was born Carl Wilhelm Kahlo in 1871, in, Pfozheim, Germany, the son of Jakob Heinrich Kahlo and Henriette Kaufmann. Her mother Matilde Calderón y González was a devoutly religious woman of Spanish and Indigenous heritage. Frida’s mother was often depressed or moody, leading to poor relations between them. But her father cared deeply for Frida and would come to have a strong influence on her life.
At age 6, Frida contracted polio, which caused her right leg to be thinner than her left, a disfigurement that she hid well behind long dresses. In an attempt to help Frida regain strength to her legs and make up for the time she spend convalescing from the disease, her father enrolled her in sporting activities that were more often than reserved for boys, such as swimming, bicycling, boxing and wrestling. Perhaps because of this, as she grew, she began taking on a very male appearance: dressing in men’s suits, styling her hair in a slicked back fashion. She would return to this androgynous look many times throughout her life, an appearance that was echoed by her periodic encounters with lesbianism.
When Frida was 3 years old, Mexico’s revolution for independence from Spain began. Perhaps as many as a million people died during the revolution, many others were displaced, injured or just disappeared. And though it created tremendous upheaval for her family, Frida would later change the date of her birth to July 7th 1910, to coincide with the beginning of Mexico’s struggle for independence. Frida loved her country and came to believe that Mexico should follow Russia’s communist path. She aligned herself politically and philosophically with Marx and Stalin and even provided safe haven for Leon Trotsky during his exile from Russia.
But the event that would most shape her life and eventually lead to her death was the terrible accident she suffered in 1925, at the age of 18. After a day of shopping and wandering around Mexico City with her boyfriend Alex Gomez Arias, She was riding in a wooden bus, which was struck in the side by a trolly.
I provide here an excellent description here from:
It was a gray day. A light rain had just fallen. After spending the afternoon wandering among the street stalls of downtown Mexico City, Frida and her boyfriend Alex Gómez Arias caught a bus that would take them home to Coyoacán. The new bus was brightly painted with two benches along the sides. It was nearly full but Alex and Frida found seats together near the back. The bus driver sped off to cross the busy streets on his way out of town.
As the bus driver began to turn onto Calzada de Tlapan, a street trolley approached. The bus driver rashly tried to pass in front of the turning streetcar. He didn’t make it. Alex remembers the point of impact:
The electric train [streetcar] with two cars approached the bus slowly. It hit the bus in the middle. Slowly the train pushed the bus. The bus had a strange elasticity. It bent more and more, but for a time it did not break. It was a bus with long benches on either side. I remember that at one moment my knees touched the knees of the person sitting opposite me. I was sitting next to Frida. When the bus reached its maximal flexibility it burst into a thousand pieces, and the train kept moving. It ran over many people.
I remained under the train. Not Frida. But among the iron rods of the train, the handrail broke and went through Frida from one side to the other at the level of the pelvis.”
Frida said that the “handrail pierced me the way a sword pierces a bull.” Alex continues:
When I was able to stand up, I got out from under the train. I had no lesions, only contusions. Naturally the first thing that I did was to look for Frida.
Something strange had happened. Frida was totally nude. The collision had unfastened her clothes. Someone in the bus, probably a house painter, had been carrying a packet of powdered gold. This package broke, and the gold fell all over the bleeding body of Frida. When people saw her, they cried, ‘La bailarina, la bailarina!’ With the gold on her red, bloody body, they thought she was a dancer.
I picked her up….and then I noticed with horror that Frida had a piece of iron in her body. A man said, ‘We have to take it out!’ He put his knee on Frida’s body and said, ‘Let’s take it out.’ When he pulled it out, Frida screamed so loud that when the ambulance from the Red Cross arrived, her screaming was louder than the siren. Before the ambulance came, I picked up Frida and put her in the display window of a billiard room. I took off my coat and put it over her. I thought she was going to die. Two or three people did die at the scene….others died later.”
It was during her 3 month confinement to bed that Frida’s father bought her implements with which to draw and paint. Frida eagerly adopted the activity and so began the development of one of Mexico’s most iconic folk artists.
The first piece she paints is called “Self Portrait in a Velvet Dress” - 1926
Notice that already, this earliest piece shows signs of her attention to detail. The collar of her dress displays stylistic shapes which might be derived from animal forms and or patterns. Behind her, an idealized sea roils, potentially threatening to consume her. The expression on her slightly turned face provides a clue to the somber, even dark mood which would dominate all the work in the years to come. Her arms, folded in front of her abdomen, demonstrate either intentionally or unwittingly a desire to protect the internal organs which were so badly injured only months earlier.
Her next work, called “ Time Flies” - 1929
This work shows her much more open, facing forward and dropping her arms to the side to indicate confidence in her renewed health. Her neckline is open and her arms are bare. She is sporting a necklace and earrings, all suggesting she is ready to be vulnerable and feminine again. The black background could be interpreted as the unknown or the darkness she left behind, now that she was recovered from her months of convalescence. The use of symbolism is still present, but in a raw, immature form, immediately digestible by the observer without too much effort: the clock sitting on top of a stack of books to the right (time) and above her head, the image of an airplane (flies) to support visually the phrase which is embodied in the title.
This was also the year that Frida married Diego Rivera and as a result, further historical perspective is needed to understand the subtle nuances of this painting as contrasted to her earlier work. In “Time Flies” she is dressed in the more bright, traditional colors of her culture, the way that Diego preferred to see her, rather than the dark, melancholy and aristocratic attire shown in “Self Portrait in a Velvet Dress”.
“Frida and Diego Rivera” - 1930
This year Frida becomes pregnant, but has to abort due to a misalignment of the fetus, resulting from her fractured pelvis. Frida and Diego travel to San Francisco, California to fulfill some artistic commissions there. It was during this visit that this work becomes the first to receive a public viewing at the 6th Annual Exhibition of the San Francisco Society of Women Artists.
This painting, though loosely based on a wedding photograph, reveals much about the couple’s relationship: Diego appears huge next to Frida and though his 6 foot 1 inch frame overwhelms Frida’s petite 5 foot 3 inches, she exaggerates their disparate heights to ridiculous proportions here, but as always, there are symbolic reasons for doing so.
First of all, Frida not only looks up to Diego in the physical sense, but she also greatly admires his skill and perceives it to be far superior to her own. A sentiment further supported by the fact that in this representation he carries the tools of his trade, (brushes and a palette), while she appears unassuming, in a peasant dress almost as if lurking in his immense shadow.
Additionally, Frida’s parents did not approve of Diego, firstly because he was a committed communist, but additionally because of his girth. They referred to the couple as “the elephant and the dove”. Yet, they eventually conceded to let the two marry as they believed Diego would earn sufficient income to cover Frida’s inevitable medical expenses.
Timeline of Frida’s Adult Life
Year |
Event |
|
1932 |
Frida’s second pregnancy ends in miscarriage |
|
1934 |
Physiological problems cause Frida to abort her 3rd pregnancy. She also receives an emergency appendectomy. Later that year, she undergoes surgery to remove the ends of several toes on her right foot, presumably resulting from complications of the accident. Frida discovers that Diego is having an affair with her sister. |
|
1936 |
Frida undergoes yet a 3rd operation on her right foot. |
|
1937 |
Frida has her first showing of her work in Mexico, at Galeria de Arte at the National Autonomous University of Mexico |
|
1938 |
In October, Frida travels to the Julien Levy Gallery in New York for her first solo showing of her work. Her pieces range in price from $150 to $600 and half of them are sold. |
|
1939 |
Frida travels to Paris. Her painting “The Frame” becomes the first Mexican work of art purchased by the Lovre. She returns to Mexico and suffers a fungal infection on her hand and severe back pain. The pain forces her to begin drinking heavily. The doctor prescribes extended bed rest and traction on her neck. This same year, Frida and Diego file for divorce. |
|
1940 |
Diego Rivera is sought for questioning in relation to the assassination of Leon Trotsky. Diego flees to San Francisco and due to her association with Diego, Frida is detained for 2 days and interrogated. Frida suffers from a severe kidney infection and anemia. Again she is prescribed extended bed rest. Later that year, Diego and Frida reconcile and re-marry. |
|
1941 |
Frida’s father dies of an apparent heart attack and Frida goes into a deep depression which impacts her already ill health. Frida has two major exhibitions this year, in Mexico and in Boston. |
|
1942 |
Frida sells her apartment and writes to government officials to support Diego in the construction of a museum to house his pre-Colombian artifacts. |
|
1943 |
Frida enjoys many exhibitions, she begins teaching painting at a prestigious institution in Mexico City but is then prevented from traveling due to her poor health. She begins teaching out of her family home in Coyoacan. |
|
1944 |
Frida undergoes extensive surgeries on her back and leg and is confined by several corsets and body casts. Her students complete a mural at the Hotel Posada del Sol but the owner is not satisfied and has it destroyed. Her work is exhibited in the U.S and Mexico city. She begins a diary which she will maintain until her death. |
|
1945 |
After reading Freud’s “Moses and Monotheism”, Frida paints “Moses, her visual interpretation of the book. |
|
1946 |
Frida receives a prestigious prize for her work “Moses”. She undergoes a bone-graft operation and is confined to an iron lung for 8 months, during which time, her health deteriorates and she is put on high doses of morphine. |
|
1947 |
Frida turns 40, but celebrates it as her 37th birthday, as she changed the date of her birth to coincide with the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. |
|
1948 |
Diego Rivera begins an affair with Maria Felix and considers a divorce from Frida |
|
1949 |
Frida’s sister pleas with Maria Felix to end the affair with Diego for the sake of Frida. In June, the affair abruptly ends. Gangrene becomes apparent on Frida’s right foot. |
|
1950 |
Frida undergoes no less than 7 operations on her spine, mainly for infection in her bone grafts. Diego spends many nights in a room next to hers. When she is well enough, she paints. |
|
1951 |
Following her discharge from the hospital, she spends the majority of the year in bed. |
|
1952 |
Frida begins a series of still life paintings, perhaps in part because a portrayal of her actual pain and suffering would be too severe for the canvas and also, still life requires less detail then her self portrait, which she may have been unable to paint due to her heavy use of alcohol and pain killers. |
|
1953 |
Frida had her first solo exhibition in Mexico, but doctors tell her she is too sick to leave her bed. She she has her bed carried to the exhibition and then returns home to a reunion of friends. Later this year, her leg is overcome with gangrene and has to be amputated below the knee. |
|
1954 |
April 19th, Frida is admitted to the hospital for unknown reasons. She writes a three page letter to the doctors and nurses and everyone who ever took care of her to thank them for their kindness. In June, she contracts bronchial pneumonia and is confined to bed. Her health seems to improve. But on July 6th, against the advice of her doctors, she takes part in a political rally against American actions in Guatemala. Her health worsens and she is never seen in public again. |
|
July 13, 1954 |
|
What can we learn from Frida’s life and how she coped with adversity?
Frida’s life was punctuated by much physical pain and suffering. She was the victim of betrayals by her husband, Diego Rivera, as well as her sister and others. She spent many years alone and isolated in bed, enduring countless surgeries, protracted recoveries and the life-long effects of the horrible accident she suffered at 18.
Additionally, in the early 20th Century, Mexican artists and in particular women were not recognized or celebrated. None of these seemingly insurmountable circumstances stopped Frida from creating her provocative images and providing us an intimate glimpse into her unique physical, cultural and spiritual challenges.
You may not like Frida’s paintings; you may not agree with her politics, or her promiscuous lifestyle; there are certainly many areas of Frida’s life in which one could find fault. But in spite of or perhaps because of the many tragedies in her life, she found the time, the inspiration and the energy to create enduring artwork that remains as a poignant reminder that vision, determination and a commitment to excellence ultimately defines who a person is, rather than what happens to them.
What dreams do you claim to not have time for, or are too tired to accomplish? What goals seem out of reach? What stops you from living life to the best of your ability, in spite of your circumstances?
What of your limitations exceed those of a petite girl, from a small village, nestled in the heart of an impoverished country, oppressed by rigid views of women’s roles, who suffered a life altering accident that would keep her in the hospital or bed-ridden most of her life?
The next time you say “I can’t, think of Frida and the many other pioneers throughout history that could have said the same and yet, chose to never give up.
I would love to hear your thoughts on this or other articles "The Happiness Tree".
Please contact me: Shane Mathias
Also, please enjoy my other blog: Men Decoded
To receive free notifications of new content on The Happiness Tree, please send an email to The Happiness Tree
Copy and paste "SIGN ME UP" into the subject line.
Thank you!